Post by Jesse James on Sept 22, 2008 8:51:40 GMT -6
UNION-TRIBUNE STAFF WRITER
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Players of substance
Why less outrage over drugs in the NFL?
Timeline
NFL notables
September 21, 2008
The San Diego Union-Tribune has done its own “Mitchell Report” of sorts on performance-enhancing drugs in pro football. The baseball Mitchell Report had 85 names going back to about 1993. The accompanying list has 185 names linked to such drug use dating to 1962 and also 85 names since 1993. It includes 52 former Pro Bowl players and four Hall of Famers.
Like the Mitchell Report, it relied on hundreds of media reports, archives, plus public records and interviews with players and league personnel. It is not considered comprehensive or proportional, just the best snapshot that could be provided through those sources. It includes those who admitted to using or were caught during their college years as they tried to reach the NFL, some of whom had very brief pro careers. Many recent players claimed they unknowingly ingested the drugs in tainted supplements.
It only involves drugs now classified by the league as performance-enhancing or “steroids and related substances” (steroids, ephedra, amphetamines), not cocaine, marijuana or alcohol.
Advertisement Dates correspond to playing years, positive test or admitted use. Players marked with an asterisk went to the Pro Bowl at least once:
CHARGERS
Links to drug use date to the days of the old AFL in the 1960s.
LB Stephen Cooper (2008) suspended four games after testing positive for banned stimulant. In 2002, at Maine, he was charged with possessing more than 1,000 steroid doses. He said it was to enhance his chances of being drafted in the NFL.
*LB Shawne Merriman (2006) tested positive for nandrolone. Attorney said it was because he took a tainted supplement.
DE Luis Castillo (2005) tested positive for androstenedione at NFL Combine and said it was to help him recover from an elbow injury.
FB Andrew Pinnock (2004) served a four-game suspension after testing positive for violating the league's steroid policy. His agent said he accidentally took a supplement that contained a banned substance.
DE Burt Grossman (1989) tested positive for steroids at combine and admitted to trying them in college at Pitt.
*RB Chuck Muncie (1984) failed drug test when amphetamines and other drugs were found in his system after trade to Miami. The failed drug test canceled the trade.
Team psychiatrist Arnold Mandell (early 1970s) prescribed amphetamines to team, leading to the following amphetamines crackdown by the NFL: In April 1974, coach Harland Svare was fined $5,000 for failing to exercise proper supervisory controls over amphetamine and drug use on team in 1973.
RB Bob Thomas was fined $1,000.
*DE Deacon Jones was fined $3,000.
*DL Coy Bacon was fined $2,000.
*DT Dave Costa was fined $2,000.
*WR Jerry LeVias was fined $2,000.
*LB Rick Redman was fined $1,000.
*LB Tim Rossovich was fined $3,000.
Team strength coach Alvin Roy (1963), who studied Russian weightlifting, gave players Dianabol steroids in cereal bowls, according to players, as part of mandatory regimen and may have introduced them into the league. He later worked for Kansas City, Dallas and Oakland before dying in 1979.
*OT Ron Mix (1960s) took Roy's steroid pills for about five weeks.
DL Houston Ridge (late '60s) sued team in 1970 for injuries he attributed to drug use, including steroids. He settled for $265,000.
*TE Dave Kocourek (1960s) also was among players taking the pills until finding out their side effects.
*OG Walt Sweeney (1960s) said regular use of drugs and steroids led him to addiction. In legal case, a judge awarded him $1.8 million in benefits and attorney's fees from NFL pension fund.
ATLANTA
OL Matt Lehr (2006) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. Steroids dealer David Jacobs said Lehr had purchased large quantities of steroids from him, according to the Dallas Morning News.
LB Keith Newman (2003) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said he took banned substance unknowingly in supplement.
*DB Ray Buchanan (2002) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was unknowingly in a supplement he took.
OG Scott Davis (1997) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said he had taken testosterone injection to help him play through chest muscle injury.
DL Tony Casillas (1980s) said he used steroids in college at Oklahoma.
*OL Bill Fralic (early 1980s) said he used steroids in college at Pitt. He later told U.S. Senate committee that as much as 75 percent of NFL linebackers, linemen and tight ends have used steroids.
BALTIMORE/INDIANAPOLIS COLTS
DL Doug Lowery (1990), a rookie free agent, tested positive before draft, according to The Sporting News.
DB Nelson Munsey (1970s) sued NFL retirement plan in 2000 seeking improved benefits. Complaint said he used steroids and amphetamines “consistent with the common usage of such drugs in professional football at that time.”
BALTIMORE RAVENS
*CB Deion Sanders (2005) tested positive for steroid-related substance before rejoining the league. He said it was in medication he was taking to treat an injured ankle.
BUFFALO
*RB Travis Henry (2001) said he used ephedra, like many others, before ban.
RB Don Smith (1990-91) tested positive for steroid use before Super Bowl, according to television report.
LB Matt Jaworski (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players. He said he took an oil-based steroid before his first pro camp.
LB Tom Doctor (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
RB Sean Doctor (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
DL John Dominic (1989) tested positive and was released. He denied using steroids and never made the team.
OL Rick Schulte (1987) told Buffalo News he took steroids in college at Illinois and in NFL.
LB Jim Haslett (early 1980s) told reporters he used steroids and said the Pittsburgh Steelers were known for steroid use in the 1970s. He later apologized about his Steelers comments.
CAROLINA
*OT Todd Steussie (2004) was given prescriptions for banned substances shortly before Super Bowl in 2004 and reportedly filled prescriptions made by South Carolina doctor James Shortt after joining Tampa Bay.
C Jeff Mitchell (2003-04) reportedly filled prescriptions by Shortt for steroids, also used HGH.
OL Kevin Donnalley (2003-04) also among those named as having obtained banned substances from Shortt.
OL Louis Williams (2003-04) was given prescriptions for banned substances shortly before Super Bowl in 2004.
*TE Wesley Walls (2002), another Shortt customer, named in court files as having obtained banned substances from him.
*DE Julius Peppers (2002) suspended for four games after testing positive for ephedra. He was leading the league with 10 sacks at the time.
DT Brentson Buckner (2002) suspended four games after testing positive for ephedra.
DL Josh Taves (2002-03) allegedly a customer of Bay Arena Laboratory Co-Operative for performance-enchancing drugs.
DE John Milem (2001) said on HBO he received HGH from Shortt and was one of his first NFL patients.
CINCINNATI
OL Dave Rimington (1980s) went to Gold's Gym in Cincinnati to get them, according to sportscaster Bob Trumpy in the Dayton Daily News in 1989. Trumpy later said he didn't know where Rimington got them and that Rimington had been off steroids for several years. Trumpy said players went to that gym for steroids.
CHICAGO
RB Obafemi Ayanbadejo (2007) suspended four games after testing positive for form of nandrolone. He sued supplement maker in 2008.
Assistant coach Wade Wilson (2004-06) suspended five games in 2007 and fined $100,000 after admitting he received HGH while coaching Bears. He was with Dallas when suspended. He said the drugs were to treat complications from diabetes.
FB Daimon Shelton (2002) suspended four games for violating steroid policy. He said it was unknowingly in “fat burner” supplement.
DL Henry Taylor (2001) suspended four games for testing positive for steroid-related substance. Also allegedly received banned substances from South Carolina steroid doctor James Shortt.
QB Jim Miller (1999) suspended four games after violating league steroid policy. He said the nandrolone was in his dietary supplement.
DL Alonzo Spellman (1998) grew enraged after doctor was late to administer random steroid test. SWAT team called in during 10-hour standoff. A year earlier, he was suspended for refusing to take steroid test while he was serving a different suspension.
DB Maurice Douglass (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players. He said a medication for a wrist injury must have caused it.
*DT Steve McMichael (1985) told Sports Illustrated he took steroids briefly in the past.
*OT Jimbo Covert (early 1980s) said he experimented with steroids in college at Pitt.
CLEVELAND
OT Ryan Tucker (2007) suspended four games for violating steroid policy. He said he took a banned substance to increase his testosterone and improve his mental health, which had been suffering.
RB George Jones (1999) indicted for smuggling steroids in the U.S. He was sentenced to three years' probation. Jones said he never doped. He said his mistake was loaning money to a friend, linking him to the drugs.
DALLAS
OL Louis Cheek (1990) suspended three games after positive steroid test.
DT Danny Noonan (1987) tested positive at combine before draft. Also said he used steroids during NFL career, which lasted until 1992.
Strength coach Bob Ward in 1983 said about 25 percent, “maybe more,” of team used steroids, according to Omaha World Herald.
*DL John Dutton (1970s/80s) said he liked to take them during preseason, according to World Herald, before they were banned.
DETROIT
*DT Shaun Rogers (2006) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was ephedhrine in an appetite suppressant.
DB Tommy Bennett (2001) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was unknowingly in medication.
DT Marc Spindler (1990) tested positive for steroid-related substance before draft, according to Pittsburgh Press.
DT Lawrence Pete (1986) had steroids found in his dorm shared with Neil Smith at Nebraska.
DENVER
DL Kenny Peterson (2007) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was a metabolism booster.
DE Kenard Lang (2007) suspended six games for violating steroid-related policy.
*P Todd Sauerbrun (2006) suspended four games for positive ephedra test. Also reportedly had steroid prescriptions filled by South Carolina steroid doctor while with Carolina.
WR Adrian Madise (2004) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He blamed tainted supplements.
S Lee Flowers (2003) suspended four games after testing positive for ephedra. He blamed tainted supplements.
DL Daryl Gardener (2003) reportedly on federal memo as customer of BALCO and steroid-related substance.
DL Jim White (1970s) died of liver cancer in 1982, which was attributed to steroid use. He is possibly the first NFL player to die thanks largely to steroid use.
GREEN BAY
LB Jude Waddy (1998) suspended four games after testing positive for nandrolone. He denied taking steroids.
*OL Mike Wahle (1997) suspended his senior year in college at Navy after positive steroid test, later selected in supplemental draft.
OL Mike Ariey (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players. He said he took a oil-based steroid that “worked pretty well.”
OL Keith Uecker (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
OL Tony Mandarich (late 1980s/early '90s) allegedly confessed to others of having used steroids, according to sources in Sports Illustrated. He denied it.
*OL Bill Curry (1965) used Diabol to increase to 240 pounds from 220, according to New York Times.
HOUSTON OILERS
OL Dean Steinkuhler (early 1980s) told reporters he took steroids while in college at Nebraska.
*OG Bob Young (1980) used steroids, according to teammate Dave Casper in 2002 interview. Young died in 1995 at age 52.
*QB Dan Pastorini (1970s) said in suit he was injected with “drugs and/or steroids and/or other substances” during career.
HOUSTON TEXANS
OL DeMingo Graham (2002) suspended four games after testing positive for ephedrine. He said it was unknowingly in sports drink.
JACKSONVILLE
QB Tim Couch (2007) had regimens calling for steroids and human growth hormone, as he tried to come back from shoulder injury, according to Yahoo.com. He was suspended six games.
*DT Marcus Stroud (2007) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said he unknowingly took the banned substance in a supplement to help him rehab ankle.
LB T.J. Slaughter (2002) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said he unknowingly took banned substance in an over-the-counter supplement.
KANSAS CITY
OL John Welbourn (2005) suspended four games for violation of steroid-related policy, then again for six games in 2006.
WR Johnnie Morton (2002-03) allegedly supplied THG through BALCO, according to federal investigators' memo cited in reports. In 2007, he tested positive for steroids in mixed martial arts event.
LB Lew Bush (2002) suspended four games for ephedra positive. He said it was in a sports drink he took.
RB Michael Cloud (2002) tested positive for nandrolone, later signed with New England and was suspended four games. He sued supplement maker for damages and reached a settlement.
*DE Neil Smith (1986) had steroids found in his dorm room shared with Lawrence Pete at Nebraska.
LOS ANGELES/ST. LOUIS RAMS
LB Scott Shanle (2003) suspended for violating steroid-related policy.
OL Gerald Perry (1997) tested positive in steroids test, faced suspension before being released.
TE Vernon Kirk (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
OL Russ Bolinger (1983-85) said he used steroids after joining Rams.
*OL Ron Yary (1982) told Omaha World-Herald that because of rampant use in the league, he tried performance-enhancing drugs the summer before his last season.
MIAMI
RB Sammy Morris (2006) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was ephedrine in his Sudafed.
*RB Ricky Williams (2005) tested positive for amphetamine-like substance, according to Miami Herald.
*WR David Boston (2004) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy.
RB J.J. Johnson (2000) tested positive for steroid-related substance but successfully appealed suspension. His appeal stated the team gave him a supplement that caused the positive test.
*DT Brian Sochia (1990) suspended five weeks for violating steroid-related policy.
MINNESOTA
DE Ray Edwards (2007) suspended four games for violating league steroid policy. He said he didn't check the dietary supplement he was using.
*TE Byron Chamberlain (2003) suspended four games for ephedra positive. He said he misread a label on product he was using.
*OT Korey Stringer (2001) died of heatstroke. Team linked his death to use of ephedra. On the day he collapsed, a bottle of supplement containing ephedra was found in Stringer's locker.
OL Bob Sapp (1998) suspended four games after positive steroid test. He said his testosterone-to-epitestosterone ratio was high.
LB Artie Ulmer (1997) suspended for violating league steroid policy as a rookie. He admitted to taking substance before camp.
LB John Levelis (1990) tested positive for steroid at combine, drafted in the seventh round, according to The Sporting News.
WR Lance Rentzel (1964) used performance-enhancing drugs before joining the NFL, according to biography.
NEW ENGLAND
*SS Rodney Harrison (2007) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. Shipment of HGH reportedly delivered to him in weeks leading up to Super Bowl in 2004. He said it was to heal injuries.
NEW YORK JETS
RB Jesse Chatman (2008) suspended four games after positive steroid-related test. League said it was a masking agent, agent said.
DL Jason Ferguson (1999) suspended four games after test showed traces of nandrolone in system.
RB Vince Amoia (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
WR Bobby Riley (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
OL Dave Cadigan (1988) tested positive at combine before draft.
*DE Mark Gastineau (1980s) in 2000 admitted having used steroids.
*DL Joe Klecko (1979-81) said he took steroids in offseason for strong-man contests, according to book by Charles Yesalis.
DB Chris Farasopoulos (early 1970s) said he took amphetamines before games.
NEW ORLEANS
DT Hollis Thomas (2006) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was in his asthma medication.
DE Joel Smeenge (1990) tested positive for steroid-related substance before draft, according to Pittsburgh Press. He denied it.
OL Steve Korte (1981) said he used steroids at Arkansas to muscle up.
NEW YORK GIANTS
CB Jason Sehorn (2002) said he continued to use ephedra after NFL banned it, until the league started testing for it.
FS Lyle West (1999) suspended four games for testing positive for banned substance. He said it was unknowingly in a medication he was taking.
OG Eric Moore (1993) sentenced to three years probation and fined $5,000 for possession of steroids. Along with Tampa Bay defensive lineman Mark Duckens, Moore was described by feds as “pawns in an international steroid ring.” Admitted to spending $15,000 on steroids. Suspended four games.
*DE Fred Dryer (around 1965) used steroids to get bigger in junior college. “I was told if I wanted to get better and gain weight I'd better (use steroids),” he told Parade Magazine.
RB Joe Don Looney (1963) took steroids before joining league in effort to bulk up, according to biographer.
OAKLAND/LOS ANGELES RAIDERS
DB Jarrod Cooper (2007) suspended four games after testing positive for steroid-related substance.
*DL Dana Stubblefield (2003) tested positive for designer steroid THG. In 2008, he pleaded guilty to making false statements to a federal agent about taking performance-enhancing drugs such EPO and “the clear.”
*LB Bill Romanowski (2003) tested positive for the designer steroid THG. He later told “60 Minutes” he used steroids and HGH.
*OL Barret Robbins (2003) tested positive for designer steroid THG.
DL Chris Cooper (2003) tested positive for designer steroid THG.
DE Mark Mraz (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
PK Michael Attardi (1986-87) earned spot on team's developmental squad after using steroids in college at Kutztown State, according to Asbury Park Press in New Jersey.
OL Curt Marsh (1980s) told the Seattle Post-Intelligencer he experimented with steroids.
*DL Lyle Alzado (1971-85) became poster boy for steroid and HGH use in the NFL. He blamed his brain tumor on his use of those drugs. He died at 43 in 1992. He said he starting taking steroids in 1969.
DL John Matuszak (1970s) died at 38 in 1989 after life of partying, including drug use and suspected steroid use.
PITTSBURGH
Dr. Richard Rydze (2007) was dropped from team medical staff after his name surfaced in steroid investigation. He had purchased $150,000 in testosterone and human growth hormone with his own credit card. Team said he didn't prescribe these drugs to players.
OT Paul Wiggins (1998) suspended four games after testing positive for androstenedione.
*DL Joel Steed (1995) suspended for violating steroid-related policy.
DT Craig Veasey (1990) tested positive for steroid-related substance before draft, according to the Pittsburgh Press.
OL Terry Long (1991) attempted suicide by swallowing rat poison after failed steroid-related test. Died in 2005 after ingesting antifreeze.
OL Tom Ricketts (1989) reportedly tested positive for steroid-related substance before draft at combine.
OL Rick Donnalley (1982) told Cincinnati Post he used steroids.
*OL Mike Webster (1970s/'80s). In suit against NFL pension fund, statements from doctors said Webster experimented with steroids. Died in 2002 at age 50.
OL Steve Courson (late '70s/early '80s) admitted steroid use, developed heart problem and testified before Congress about steroid abuse in NFL.
OL Jim Clack (1970s) spoke about taking steroids in book about Steelers by Roy Blount.
FB Rocky Bleier (1970s) told the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette he was prescribed small amounts of Dianabol. Bleier, a Vietnam vet, had shrapnel in his foot from grenade.
DL Steve Furness (1970s) used steroids, as suspected by his brother Peter. Died in 2000 at age 49.
Strength coach Lou Riecke (1970s) had experience with Dianabol as a weight lifter. He was hired by coach Chuck Noll, who was an assistant with Chargers in 1963, when strength coach Alvin Roy introduced steroids to Chargers. Riecke said he quit using in 1964 and did not know about any steroid use on Steelers.
*LB Andy Russell (1960s) talked about taking “pep pills” (amphetamines) for energy rush on field. “We were led to believe they helped you play better,” Russell said. “Truth is they help you play much worse because you overreacted.” He said Noll discouraged such drug use.
PHILADELPHIA
DB Matt Stevens (1997) suspended for four games after violating steroid-related policy. He said it was in a supplement he bought at GNC.
*OL Ron Solt (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players. He said gyms were places where steroids could be obtained then.
DL Mike Golic (1987) said in 2007 that he used steroids to come back from shoulder injury.
NFL drug adviser Forest Tennant (1988) said in Philadelphia Inquirer he was informed of Eagles trying to beat test by having technician replace their tainted urine with clean urine by catheter.
SAN FRANCISCO
*RB Travis Jervey (1999) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was a substance recommended by doctor to help reduce inflammation in his ankle.
DL Randy Barnes, a shot-putter, was signed by team in 1991 despite being suspended by the International Amateur Athletic Federation after steroid-related positive.
RB Keith Henderson (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
DT Rollin Putzier (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
OL Andy Sinclair (1989) said his test result was wrong after testing positive for steroid-related substance, according to San Francisco Chronicle.
LB George Mira, Jr. (1987) suspended in college at Miami, Fla., after positive test revealed diuretic often used to mask steroid-related use. Arrested in 1986 on charge of steroid possession, which later was dropped.
OL Jeff Bregel (1986) had steroid-related positive while at USC before rookie season.
OG Bruce Collie (1980s) said he used steroids but lessened use after league started suspending players for it in 1989.
TE Eason Ramson (early 1980s) told reporters he used steroids as a player.
*DL Charlie Krueger (1960s/early 1970s) said in a disability lawsuit he was “regularly anesthetized between and during games, and endured repeated, questionable steroid treatments administered by the team physician.” Settled case for around $1 million.
QB Bobby Waters (1960s) said he used Dianabol steroids to bulk up and used it as early as 1962.
Team doctor Lloyd Millburn offered Waters Dianabol, according to author Matt Chaney.
SEATTLE
*CB Shawn Springs (2001) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy.
OL Frank Beede (1995) suspended after positive test in college at Cal.
OL Mike Lindsay (1990), a rookie free agent, reportedly tested positive before draft, according to The Sporting News.
LB Brian Bosworth (1986) tested positive for steroids before Orange Bowl while in college at Oklahoma.
ST. LOUIS/ARIZONA CARDINALS
OL John Brandom (1990) suspended three games for positive steroids test during training camp.
DE Kirby Criswell (early '80s) arrested in 1982 on charges of conspiracy to produce and distribute methamphetamines, sentenced to five years in prison.
*OG Ken Gray (1960s) sued team in 1971 for $3.5 million, claiming the team made him take "potent, illegal and dangerous drugs” so that he would perform “more violently.” He settled for a smaller amount.
TAMPA BAY
OT Luke Petitgout (2008) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy.
FB Rick Razzano (2005) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy.
DL Mark Duckens (1993) sentenced to six-month, pretrial diversion program for steroid possession along with New York Giants' lineman Eric Moore. Described by feds as “pawns in international steroid ring.”
OG Carl Bax (1990) arrested for steroid possession. Police said he had 572 steroid tablets from Mexico. He pleaded guilty, received one year of probation and had to perform community service.
TENNESSEE
LB Ryan Fowler (2008) supplied performance-enhancing drugs by late steroids dealer David Jacobs, according to Dallas Morning News. Fowler denied using steroids.
RB Chris Henry (2007) suspended four games for violating league steroid-related policy. It allegedly was from a banned substance in a prescription medication, according to The Tennessean.
DT John Thornton said in 2002 he took ephedra products for a while, like many others, before quitting.
DT Josh Evans (2000) suspended for season for testing positive for banned substance in supplement.
Assistant coach Jim Washburn (1989) sentenced to three months in a halfway house after pleading guilty to importing steroids while he was college coach at South Carolina.
WASHINGTON
OG Dave Fiore (2003) was a patient of South Carolina steroid doctor James Shortt, according to HBO report.
Strength coach Dave Redding (2001) was proponent of supplements and ephedra before it was banned by league.
*FB Frank Wycheck (1994) suspended four games after testing positive for steroid-related substance. He said it was unknowingly in a medication he was taking.
OT Dan McQuaid (1987-88) tested positive for steroids, according to Washington Post.
Coach George Allen (1974). Former player Walt Sweeney testified in suit that Allen told players, “If it takes amphetamines to win, I will bring it in by the truckload.”
Reader comments
Related stories
Players of substance
Why less outrage over drugs in the NFL?
Timeline
NFL notables
September 21, 2008
The San Diego Union-Tribune has done its own “Mitchell Report” of sorts on performance-enhancing drugs in pro football. The baseball Mitchell Report had 85 names going back to about 1993. The accompanying list has 185 names linked to such drug use dating to 1962 and also 85 names since 1993. It includes 52 former Pro Bowl players and four Hall of Famers.
Like the Mitchell Report, it relied on hundreds of media reports, archives, plus public records and interviews with players and league personnel. It is not considered comprehensive or proportional, just the best snapshot that could be provided through those sources. It includes those who admitted to using or were caught during their college years as they tried to reach the NFL, some of whom had very brief pro careers. Many recent players claimed they unknowingly ingested the drugs in tainted supplements.
It only involves drugs now classified by the league as performance-enhancing or “steroids and related substances” (steroids, ephedra, amphetamines), not cocaine, marijuana or alcohol.
Advertisement Dates correspond to playing years, positive test or admitted use. Players marked with an asterisk went to the Pro Bowl at least once:
CHARGERS
Links to drug use date to the days of the old AFL in the 1960s.
LB Stephen Cooper (2008) suspended four games after testing positive for banned stimulant. In 2002, at Maine, he was charged with possessing more than 1,000 steroid doses. He said it was to enhance his chances of being drafted in the NFL.
*LB Shawne Merriman (2006) tested positive for nandrolone. Attorney said it was because he took a tainted supplement.
DE Luis Castillo (2005) tested positive for androstenedione at NFL Combine and said it was to help him recover from an elbow injury.
FB Andrew Pinnock (2004) served a four-game suspension after testing positive for violating the league's steroid policy. His agent said he accidentally took a supplement that contained a banned substance.
DE Burt Grossman (1989) tested positive for steroids at combine and admitted to trying them in college at Pitt.
*RB Chuck Muncie (1984) failed drug test when amphetamines and other drugs were found in his system after trade to Miami. The failed drug test canceled the trade.
Team psychiatrist Arnold Mandell (early 1970s) prescribed amphetamines to team, leading to the following amphetamines crackdown by the NFL: In April 1974, coach Harland Svare was fined $5,000 for failing to exercise proper supervisory controls over amphetamine and drug use on team in 1973.
RB Bob Thomas was fined $1,000.
*DE Deacon Jones was fined $3,000.
*DL Coy Bacon was fined $2,000.
*DT Dave Costa was fined $2,000.
*WR Jerry LeVias was fined $2,000.
*LB Rick Redman was fined $1,000.
*LB Tim Rossovich was fined $3,000.
Team strength coach Alvin Roy (1963), who studied Russian weightlifting, gave players Dianabol steroids in cereal bowls, according to players, as part of mandatory regimen and may have introduced them into the league. He later worked for Kansas City, Dallas and Oakland before dying in 1979.
*OT Ron Mix (1960s) took Roy's steroid pills for about five weeks.
DL Houston Ridge (late '60s) sued team in 1970 for injuries he attributed to drug use, including steroids. He settled for $265,000.
*TE Dave Kocourek (1960s) also was among players taking the pills until finding out their side effects.
*OG Walt Sweeney (1960s) said regular use of drugs and steroids led him to addiction. In legal case, a judge awarded him $1.8 million in benefits and attorney's fees from NFL pension fund.
ATLANTA
OL Matt Lehr (2006) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. Steroids dealer David Jacobs said Lehr had purchased large quantities of steroids from him, according to the Dallas Morning News.
LB Keith Newman (2003) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said he took banned substance unknowingly in supplement.
*DB Ray Buchanan (2002) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was unknowingly in a supplement he took.
OG Scott Davis (1997) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said he had taken testosterone injection to help him play through chest muscle injury.
DL Tony Casillas (1980s) said he used steroids in college at Oklahoma.
*OL Bill Fralic (early 1980s) said he used steroids in college at Pitt. He later told U.S. Senate committee that as much as 75 percent of NFL linebackers, linemen and tight ends have used steroids.
BALTIMORE/INDIANAPOLIS COLTS
DL Doug Lowery (1990), a rookie free agent, tested positive before draft, according to The Sporting News.
DB Nelson Munsey (1970s) sued NFL retirement plan in 2000 seeking improved benefits. Complaint said he used steroids and amphetamines “consistent with the common usage of such drugs in professional football at that time.”
BALTIMORE RAVENS
*CB Deion Sanders (2005) tested positive for steroid-related substance before rejoining the league. He said it was in medication he was taking to treat an injured ankle.
BUFFALO
*RB Travis Henry (2001) said he used ephedra, like many others, before ban.
RB Don Smith (1990-91) tested positive for steroid use before Super Bowl, according to television report.
LB Matt Jaworski (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players. He said he took an oil-based steroid before his first pro camp.
LB Tom Doctor (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
RB Sean Doctor (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
DL John Dominic (1989) tested positive and was released. He denied using steroids and never made the team.
OL Rick Schulte (1987) told Buffalo News he took steroids in college at Illinois and in NFL.
LB Jim Haslett (early 1980s) told reporters he used steroids and said the Pittsburgh Steelers were known for steroid use in the 1970s. He later apologized about his Steelers comments.
CAROLINA
*OT Todd Steussie (2004) was given prescriptions for banned substances shortly before Super Bowl in 2004 and reportedly filled prescriptions made by South Carolina doctor James Shortt after joining Tampa Bay.
C Jeff Mitchell (2003-04) reportedly filled prescriptions by Shortt for steroids, also used HGH.
OL Kevin Donnalley (2003-04) also among those named as having obtained banned substances from Shortt.
OL Louis Williams (2003-04) was given prescriptions for banned substances shortly before Super Bowl in 2004.
*TE Wesley Walls (2002), another Shortt customer, named in court files as having obtained banned substances from him.
*DE Julius Peppers (2002) suspended for four games after testing positive for ephedra. He was leading the league with 10 sacks at the time.
DT Brentson Buckner (2002) suspended four games after testing positive for ephedra.
DL Josh Taves (2002-03) allegedly a customer of Bay Arena Laboratory Co-Operative for performance-enchancing drugs.
DE John Milem (2001) said on HBO he received HGH from Shortt and was one of his first NFL patients.
CINCINNATI
OL Dave Rimington (1980s) went to Gold's Gym in Cincinnati to get them, according to sportscaster Bob Trumpy in the Dayton Daily News in 1989. Trumpy later said he didn't know where Rimington got them and that Rimington had been off steroids for several years. Trumpy said players went to that gym for steroids.
CHICAGO
RB Obafemi Ayanbadejo (2007) suspended four games after testing positive for form of nandrolone. He sued supplement maker in 2008.
Assistant coach Wade Wilson (2004-06) suspended five games in 2007 and fined $100,000 after admitting he received HGH while coaching Bears. He was with Dallas when suspended. He said the drugs were to treat complications from diabetes.
FB Daimon Shelton (2002) suspended four games for violating steroid policy. He said it was unknowingly in “fat burner” supplement.
DL Henry Taylor (2001) suspended four games for testing positive for steroid-related substance. Also allegedly received banned substances from South Carolina steroid doctor James Shortt.
QB Jim Miller (1999) suspended four games after violating league steroid policy. He said the nandrolone was in his dietary supplement.
DL Alonzo Spellman (1998) grew enraged after doctor was late to administer random steroid test. SWAT team called in during 10-hour standoff. A year earlier, he was suspended for refusing to take steroid test while he was serving a different suspension.
DB Maurice Douglass (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players. He said a medication for a wrist injury must have caused it.
*DT Steve McMichael (1985) told Sports Illustrated he took steroids briefly in the past.
*OT Jimbo Covert (early 1980s) said he experimented with steroids in college at Pitt.
CLEVELAND
OT Ryan Tucker (2007) suspended four games for violating steroid policy. He said he took a banned substance to increase his testosterone and improve his mental health, which had been suffering.
RB George Jones (1999) indicted for smuggling steroids in the U.S. He was sentenced to three years' probation. Jones said he never doped. He said his mistake was loaning money to a friend, linking him to the drugs.
DALLAS
OL Louis Cheek (1990) suspended three games after positive steroid test.
DT Danny Noonan (1987) tested positive at combine before draft. Also said he used steroids during NFL career, which lasted until 1992.
Strength coach Bob Ward in 1983 said about 25 percent, “maybe more,” of team used steroids, according to Omaha World Herald.
*DL John Dutton (1970s/80s) said he liked to take them during preseason, according to World Herald, before they were banned.
DETROIT
*DT Shaun Rogers (2006) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was ephedhrine in an appetite suppressant.
DB Tommy Bennett (2001) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was unknowingly in medication.
DT Marc Spindler (1990) tested positive for steroid-related substance before draft, according to Pittsburgh Press.
DT Lawrence Pete (1986) had steroids found in his dorm shared with Neil Smith at Nebraska.
DENVER
DL Kenny Peterson (2007) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was a metabolism booster.
DE Kenard Lang (2007) suspended six games for violating steroid-related policy.
*P Todd Sauerbrun (2006) suspended four games for positive ephedra test. Also reportedly had steroid prescriptions filled by South Carolina steroid doctor while with Carolina.
WR Adrian Madise (2004) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He blamed tainted supplements.
S Lee Flowers (2003) suspended four games after testing positive for ephedra. He blamed tainted supplements.
DL Daryl Gardener (2003) reportedly on federal memo as customer of BALCO and steroid-related substance.
DL Jim White (1970s) died of liver cancer in 1982, which was attributed to steroid use. He is possibly the first NFL player to die thanks largely to steroid use.
GREEN BAY
LB Jude Waddy (1998) suspended four games after testing positive for nandrolone. He denied taking steroids.
*OL Mike Wahle (1997) suspended his senior year in college at Navy after positive steroid test, later selected in supplemental draft.
OL Mike Ariey (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players. He said he took a oil-based steroid that “worked pretty well.”
OL Keith Uecker (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
OL Tony Mandarich (late 1980s/early '90s) allegedly confessed to others of having used steroids, according to sources in Sports Illustrated. He denied it.
*OL Bill Curry (1965) used Diabol to increase to 240 pounds from 220, according to New York Times.
HOUSTON OILERS
OL Dean Steinkuhler (early 1980s) told reporters he took steroids while in college at Nebraska.
*OG Bob Young (1980) used steroids, according to teammate Dave Casper in 2002 interview. Young died in 1995 at age 52.
*QB Dan Pastorini (1970s) said in suit he was injected with “drugs and/or steroids and/or other substances” during career.
HOUSTON TEXANS
OL DeMingo Graham (2002) suspended four games after testing positive for ephedrine. He said it was unknowingly in sports drink.
JACKSONVILLE
QB Tim Couch (2007) had regimens calling for steroids and human growth hormone, as he tried to come back from shoulder injury, according to Yahoo.com. He was suspended six games.
*DT Marcus Stroud (2007) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said he unknowingly took the banned substance in a supplement to help him rehab ankle.
LB T.J. Slaughter (2002) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said he unknowingly took banned substance in an over-the-counter supplement.
KANSAS CITY
OL John Welbourn (2005) suspended four games for violation of steroid-related policy, then again for six games in 2006.
WR Johnnie Morton (2002-03) allegedly supplied THG through BALCO, according to federal investigators' memo cited in reports. In 2007, he tested positive for steroids in mixed martial arts event.
LB Lew Bush (2002) suspended four games for ephedra positive. He said it was in a sports drink he took.
RB Michael Cloud (2002) tested positive for nandrolone, later signed with New England and was suspended four games. He sued supplement maker for damages and reached a settlement.
*DE Neil Smith (1986) had steroids found in his dorm room shared with Lawrence Pete at Nebraska.
LOS ANGELES/ST. LOUIS RAMS
LB Scott Shanle (2003) suspended for violating steroid-related policy.
OL Gerald Perry (1997) tested positive in steroids test, faced suspension before being released.
TE Vernon Kirk (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
OL Russ Bolinger (1983-85) said he used steroids after joining Rams.
*OL Ron Yary (1982) told Omaha World-Herald that because of rampant use in the league, he tried performance-enhancing drugs the summer before his last season.
MIAMI
RB Sammy Morris (2006) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was ephedrine in his Sudafed.
*RB Ricky Williams (2005) tested positive for amphetamine-like substance, according to Miami Herald.
*WR David Boston (2004) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy.
RB J.J. Johnson (2000) tested positive for steroid-related substance but successfully appealed suspension. His appeal stated the team gave him a supplement that caused the positive test.
*DT Brian Sochia (1990) suspended five weeks for violating steroid-related policy.
MINNESOTA
DE Ray Edwards (2007) suspended four games for violating league steroid policy. He said he didn't check the dietary supplement he was using.
*TE Byron Chamberlain (2003) suspended four games for ephedra positive. He said he misread a label on product he was using.
*OT Korey Stringer (2001) died of heatstroke. Team linked his death to use of ephedra. On the day he collapsed, a bottle of supplement containing ephedra was found in Stringer's locker.
OL Bob Sapp (1998) suspended four games after positive steroid test. He said his testosterone-to-epitestosterone ratio was high.
LB Artie Ulmer (1997) suspended for violating league steroid policy as a rookie. He admitted to taking substance before camp.
LB John Levelis (1990) tested positive for steroid at combine, drafted in the seventh round, according to The Sporting News.
WR Lance Rentzel (1964) used performance-enhancing drugs before joining the NFL, according to biography.
NEW ENGLAND
*SS Rodney Harrison (2007) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. Shipment of HGH reportedly delivered to him in weeks leading up to Super Bowl in 2004. He said it was to heal injuries.
NEW YORK JETS
RB Jesse Chatman (2008) suspended four games after positive steroid-related test. League said it was a masking agent, agent said.
DL Jason Ferguson (1999) suspended four games after test showed traces of nandrolone in system.
RB Vince Amoia (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
WR Bobby Riley (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
OL Dave Cadigan (1988) tested positive at combine before draft.
*DE Mark Gastineau (1980s) in 2000 admitted having used steroids.
*DL Joe Klecko (1979-81) said he took steroids in offseason for strong-man contests, according to book by Charles Yesalis.
DB Chris Farasopoulos (early 1970s) said he took amphetamines before games.
NEW ORLEANS
DT Hollis Thomas (2006) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was in his asthma medication.
DE Joel Smeenge (1990) tested positive for steroid-related substance before draft, according to Pittsburgh Press. He denied it.
OL Steve Korte (1981) said he used steroids at Arkansas to muscle up.
NEW YORK GIANTS
CB Jason Sehorn (2002) said he continued to use ephedra after NFL banned it, until the league started testing for it.
FS Lyle West (1999) suspended four games for testing positive for banned substance. He said it was unknowingly in a medication he was taking.
OG Eric Moore (1993) sentenced to three years probation and fined $5,000 for possession of steroids. Along with Tampa Bay defensive lineman Mark Duckens, Moore was described by feds as “pawns in an international steroid ring.” Admitted to spending $15,000 on steroids. Suspended four games.
*DE Fred Dryer (around 1965) used steroids to get bigger in junior college. “I was told if I wanted to get better and gain weight I'd better (use steroids),” he told Parade Magazine.
RB Joe Don Looney (1963) took steroids before joining league in effort to bulk up, according to biographer.
OAKLAND/LOS ANGELES RAIDERS
DB Jarrod Cooper (2007) suspended four games after testing positive for steroid-related substance.
*DL Dana Stubblefield (2003) tested positive for designer steroid THG. In 2008, he pleaded guilty to making false statements to a federal agent about taking performance-enhancing drugs such EPO and “the clear.”
*LB Bill Romanowski (2003) tested positive for the designer steroid THG. He later told “60 Minutes” he used steroids and HGH.
*OL Barret Robbins (2003) tested positive for designer steroid THG.
DL Chris Cooper (2003) tested positive for designer steroid THG.
DE Mark Mraz (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
PK Michael Attardi (1986-87) earned spot on team's developmental squad after using steroids in college at Kutztown State, according to Asbury Park Press in New Jersey.
OL Curt Marsh (1980s) told the Seattle Post-Intelligencer he experimented with steroids.
*DL Lyle Alzado (1971-85) became poster boy for steroid and HGH use in the NFL. He blamed his brain tumor on his use of those drugs. He died at 43 in 1992. He said he starting taking steroids in 1969.
DL John Matuszak (1970s) died at 38 in 1989 after life of partying, including drug use and suspected steroid use.
PITTSBURGH
Dr. Richard Rydze (2007) was dropped from team medical staff after his name surfaced in steroid investigation. He had purchased $150,000 in testosterone and human growth hormone with his own credit card. Team said he didn't prescribe these drugs to players.
OT Paul Wiggins (1998) suspended four games after testing positive for androstenedione.
*DL Joel Steed (1995) suspended for violating steroid-related policy.
DT Craig Veasey (1990) tested positive for steroid-related substance before draft, according to the Pittsburgh Press.
OL Terry Long (1991) attempted suicide by swallowing rat poison after failed steroid-related test. Died in 2005 after ingesting antifreeze.
OL Tom Ricketts (1989) reportedly tested positive for steroid-related substance before draft at combine.
OL Rick Donnalley (1982) told Cincinnati Post he used steroids.
*OL Mike Webster (1970s/'80s). In suit against NFL pension fund, statements from doctors said Webster experimented with steroids. Died in 2002 at age 50.
OL Steve Courson (late '70s/early '80s) admitted steroid use, developed heart problem and testified before Congress about steroid abuse in NFL.
OL Jim Clack (1970s) spoke about taking steroids in book about Steelers by Roy Blount.
FB Rocky Bleier (1970s) told the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette he was prescribed small amounts of Dianabol. Bleier, a Vietnam vet, had shrapnel in his foot from grenade.
DL Steve Furness (1970s) used steroids, as suspected by his brother Peter. Died in 2000 at age 49.
Strength coach Lou Riecke (1970s) had experience with Dianabol as a weight lifter. He was hired by coach Chuck Noll, who was an assistant with Chargers in 1963, when strength coach Alvin Roy introduced steroids to Chargers. Riecke said he quit using in 1964 and did not know about any steroid use on Steelers.
*LB Andy Russell (1960s) talked about taking “pep pills” (amphetamines) for energy rush on field. “We were led to believe they helped you play better,” Russell said. “Truth is they help you play much worse because you overreacted.” He said Noll discouraged such drug use.
PHILADELPHIA
DB Matt Stevens (1997) suspended for four games after violating steroid-related policy. He said it was in a supplement he bought at GNC.
*OL Ron Solt (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players. He said gyms were places where steroids could be obtained then.
DL Mike Golic (1987) said in 2007 that he used steroids to come back from shoulder injury.
NFL drug adviser Forest Tennant (1988) said in Philadelphia Inquirer he was informed of Eagles trying to beat test by having technician replace their tainted urine with clean urine by catheter.
SAN FRANCISCO
*RB Travis Jervey (1999) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy. He said it was a substance recommended by doctor to help reduce inflammation in his ankle.
DL Randy Barnes, a shot-putter, was signed by team in 1991 despite being suspended by the International Amateur Athletic Federation after steroid-related positive.
RB Keith Henderson (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
DT Rollin Putzier (1989) suspended for a month after positive test along with 12 other players.
OL Andy Sinclair (1989) said his test result was wrong after testing positive for steroid-related substance, according to San Francisco Chronicle.
LB George Mira, Jr. (1987) suspended in college at Miami, Fla., after positive test revealed diuretic often used to mask steroid-related use. Arrested in 1986 on charge of steroid possession, which later was dropped.
OL Jeff Bregel (1986) had steroid-related positive while at USC before rookie season.
OG Bruce Collie (1980s) said he used steroids but lessened use after league started suspending players for it in 1989.
TE Eason Ramson (early 1980s) told reporters he used steroids as a player.
*DL Charlie Krueger (1960s/early 1970s) said in a disability lawsuit he was “regularly anesthetized between and during games, and endured repeated, questionable steroid treatments administered by the team physician.” Settled case for around $1 million.
QB Bobby Waters (1960s) said he used Dianabol steroids to bulk up and used it as early as 1962.
Team doctor Lloyd Millburn offered Waters Dianabol, according to author Matt Chaney.
SEATTLE
*CB Shawn Springs (2001) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy.
OL Frank Beede (1995) suspended after positive test in college at Cal.
OL Mike Lindsay (1990), a rookie free agent, reportedly tested positive before draft, according to The Sporting News.
LB Brian Bosworth (1986) tested positive for steroids before Orange Bowl while in college at Oklahoma.
ST. LOUIS/ARIZONA CARDINALS
OL John Brandom (1990) suspended three games for positive steroids test during training camp.
DE Kirby Criswell (early '80s) arrested in 1982 on charges of conspiracy to produce and distribute methamphetamines, sentenced to five years in prison.
*OG Ken Gray (1960s) sued team in 1971 for $3.5 million, claiming the team made him take "potent, illegal and dangerous drugs” so that he would perform “more violently.” He settled for a smaller amount.
TAMPA BAY
OT Luke Petitgout (2008) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy.
FB Rick Razzano (2005) suspended four games for violating steroid-related policy.
DL Mark Duckens (1993) sentenced to six-month, pretrial diversion program for steroid possession along with New York Giants' lineman Eric Moore. Described by feds as “pawns in international steroid ring.”
OG Carl Bax (1990) arrested for steroid possession. Police said he had 572 steroid tablets from Mexico. He pleaded guilty, received one year of probation and had to perform community service.
TENNESSEE
LB Ryan Fowler (2008) supplied performance-enhancing drugs by late steroids dealer David Jacobs, according to Dallas Morning News. Fowler denied using steroids.
RB Chris Henry (2007) suspended four games for violating league steroid-related policy. It allegedly was from a banned substance in a prescription medication, according to The Tennessean.
DT John Thornton said in 2002 he took ephedra products for a while, like many others, before quitting.
DT Josh Evans (2000) suspended for season for testing positive for banned substance in supplement.
Assistant coach Jim Washburn (1989) sentenced to three months in a halfway house after pleading guilty to importing steroids while he was college coach at South Carolina.
WASHINGTON
OG Dave Fiore (2003) was a patient of South Carolina steroid doctor James Shortt, according to HBO report.
Strength coach Dave Redding (2001) was proponent of supplements and ephedra before it was banned by league.
*FB Frank Wycheck (1994) suspended four games after testing positive for steroid-related substance. He said it was unknowingly in a medication he was taking.
OT Dan McQuaid (1987-88) tested positive for steroids, according to Washington Post.
Coach George Allen (1974). Former player Walt Sweeney testified in suit that Allen told players, “If it takes amphetamines to win, I will bring it in by the truckload.”
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